Vitamin Folic Acid
Folic Acid
Also called: Folacin, Folate, Pteroylglutamic acid, Vitamin B9
Folic acid is a B vitamin. It helps the body make healthy new cells. Everyone needs
folic acid. For women who may get pregnant, it is really important. When a woman has
enough folic acid in her body before and during pregnancy, it can prevent major birth
defects of her baby's brain or spine.
Foods with folic acid in them include leafy green vegetables, fruits, dried beans, peas
and nuts. Enriched breads, cereals and other grain products also contain folic acid. If
you don't get enough folic acid from the foods you eat, you can also take it as a dietary supplement.
Thiamine / B1
Why is this medication prescribed?
Thiamine is a vitamin used
by the body to break down sugars in the diet. The medication helps correct
nerve and heart problems that occur when a person's diet does not contain
enough thiamine.
This medication is
sometimes prescribed for other uses; ask your doctor or pharmacist for more
information.
How should this medicine
be used?
Thiamine comes in tablets
to take by mouth. It is usually taken three times a day with meals. If you have
a thiamine deficiency, your doctor may prescribe thiamine for 1 month or more.
Follow the directions on your prescription label or package label carefully,
and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand.
Take thiamine exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it
more often than prescribed by your doctor.
Thiamine should be taken
with meals. If you are taking an extended-release (long-acting) product, do not
chew or crush the tablet. There are some tablets that can be crushed and mixed
with food.
What special
precautions should I follow?
Before taking thiamine,
- tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to thiamine
or any other drugs.
- tell your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and
nonprescription medications you are taking, including other vitamins.
- tell your doctor if you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or
are breast-feeding. If you become pregnant while taking thiamine, call
your doctor.
- if you are having surgery, including dental surgery, tell the
doctor or dentist that you are taking thiamine.
What special
dietary instructions should I follow?
Your doctor may suggest
that you eat more potatoes, whole-grain cereals and breads, meats (especially
pork and liver), peas, beans, and nuts to increase the thiamine in your diet.
Vitamin B2
Like most vitamins, vitamin B2
(riboflavin) may be obtained in the recommended amount with a well-balanced
diet, including some enriched or fortified foods.
Food sources of Riboflavin (vitamin B2): Cereal, nuts, milk, eggs, green leafy vegetables
and lean meat.
Vitamin B6
Vitamin B6 is a water-soluble vitamin.
Water-soluble vitamins dissolve in water. The body cannot store them. Leftover
amounts of the vitamin leave the body through the urine. That means you need a
continuous supply of such vitamins in your diet.
Function
Vitamin B6 helps the immune system produce antibodies. Antibodies are needed to fight many
diseases. Vitamin B6 helps maintain normal nerve function and form red blood
cells. The body uses it to help break down proteins.
The more protein you eat, the more vitamin B6 you need.
Food Sources
Vitamin B6 is found in beans, nuts, legumes, eggs,
meats, fish, whole grains, and fortified breads and cereals.
Side Effects
Large doses of vitamin B6 can cause neurological
disorders and numbness. Deficiency of
this vitamin can cause mouth and tongue sores, irritability, confusion, and
depression. (Vitamin B6 deficiency is not common in the United States.)
Recommendations
Specific recommendations for each vitamin depend on
age, gender, and other factors (such as pregnancy). In general, a healthy diet
typically supplies enough vitamin B6.
Vitamin B-12
Vitamin
B-12 is an important vitamin that you usually get from your food. It is mainly
found in meat and dairy products. Vitamin B-12 helps make red blood cells and
keeps your nervous system working properly.
Vegetarians who do not eat meat or dairy products are at risk for low vitamin
B-12 usually about 2 years after they become vegetarians. However, most people
who have low vitamin B-12 are not strict vegetarians. Most people with low
vitamin B-12 levels have trouble absorbing vitamin B-12 from their stomach or
small intestines.
What happens if my vitamin B-12 level is
low?
You
might not have any symptoms if your vitamin B-12 level is just a little bit
low. However, a very low vitamin B-12 level can cause anemia, depression,
dementia or a serious problem with your nervous system.
Some people with low vitamin B-12 also have high levels of homocysteine (say:
ho-mo-sis-teen), an amino acid (a building block of protein) in the blood. If
you have both of these problems, you may have a higher risk of heart disease
and stroke.
What can cause problems with absorbing
vitamin B-12?
The
following are some things that can cause problems with absorbing vitamin B-12:
- If you have a disease called pernicious anemia, it can destroy
the cells in your stomach that help you absorb vitamin B-12.
- If you use medicine for heartburn and ulcers for a long time, you
may have trouble absorbing vitamin B-12.
- If you have had surgery on your stomach or your intestines, you
may have trouble absorbing vitamin B-12.
Your doctor will find out
why you have a low vitamin B-12 level by asking questions about your health,
giving you a physical exam and checking your blood, if necessary.
Can I just take one multivitamin pill
every day to raise a low vitamin B-12 level?
No. Over-the-counter
multivitamins do not contain enough vitamin B-12 to raise a low level. To get
enough vitamin B-12, you will need to take special vitamin B-12 pills.
You can also get shots of vitamin B-12. Usually, these shots are given every 1
to 2 days for about 2 weeks. After this, a shot is given once every month. Your
doctor can help decide whether pills or shots are right for you.
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